MICRO PROJECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIED 22447
OZONE LAYER DEPLETION
BASED ON MSBTE
THAT MICRO PROJECT APROVED BY MSBTE AND POLYTECNIC ALSO
SO U CAN USE THAT TO COMPLETE YOUR PROJECT WITH 5+ GRADE
THAT MICRO PROJECT USE ALL OVER INDIA POLYTECNICS THAT WAS USE SIMPLE METHOD TO COMPLETE THAT PROJECT
PDF FILE OF PROJECT:-
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VO1HmVGJkqCQGbUa-kOvoeFXZ8P5cp-D/view?usp=sharing
Aim of micro project:
1) To
study of OZONE LAYER DEPLETION.
2) To impact basic knowledge about OZONE LAYER
DEPLETION.
3) Gain
knowledge about OZONE LAYER AND OZONE LAYER DEPLETION
Proposal Methodolog
1) We
started to make micro project on Ozone layer Depletion . after when this topic
give to us by teacher.
2) We had made ppt on Ozone layer Depletion
3)After that we
started to make it with the help of our team
members and under the guidance of our teacher.
4) We made our ppt on word app and from which it becomes
easy to make it.
5) We distributed and made it with unity.
6)It takes near about fewdays to complete our microproject when we started to make it
in team.
7)We discussed with each other and performed the
microproject.
8. Discussion is one of the most important part of
making the microproject in group.
9)So, we completed this task very easily.
INTRODUCTION
The ozone
layer is found in the lower portion of the earth’s atmosphere. It has the
potential to absorb around 97-99% of the harmful ultraviolet radiations coming
from the sun that can damage life on earth. If the ozone layer was absent,
millions of people would develop skin diseases and may have weakened immune
systems.
However,
scientists have discovered a hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic. This
has focussed their concern on various environmental issues and steps to control
them. The main reasons for the ozone hole are chlorofluorocarbons, carbon
tetrachloride, methyl bromide and hydrochlorofluorocarbons.
Ozone Layer Depletion
“Ozone layer depletion is the gradual
thinning of the earth’s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused due to the
release of chemical compounds containing
gaseous bromine or chlorine from industries or other human activities.” One chlorine
can destroy 100,000 molecules of ozone. It is destroyed more quickly than it is
created.
Some compounds release chlorine and bromine on exposure to
high ultraviolet light, which then contributes to the ozone layer depletion.
Such compounds are known as Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS).
The
ozone-depleting substances that contain chlorine include chlorofluorocarbon,
carbon tetrachloride, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and methyl chloroform. Whereas,
the ozone-depleting substances that contain bromine are halons, methyl bromide,
and hydro bromofluorocarbons. Chlorofluorocarbons are the most abundant
ozone-depleting substance. It is only when the chlorine atom reacts with some
other molecule, it does not react with ozone. Montreal Protocol was proposed in
1987 to stop the use, production and import of ozone-depleting substances and
minimize their concentration in the atmosphere to protect the ozone layer of
the earth.
Causes of Ozone Layer Depletion
Depletion The ozone
layer is a major concern and is associated with a number of factors. The main
causes responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer are listed below:
1)
Chlorofluorocarbons
Chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs are the main cause of ozone layer
depletion. These are released by solvents, spray aerosols, refrigerators,
air-conditioners, etc.
The molecules of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere are
broken down by the ultraviolet radiations and release chlorine atoms. These
atoms react with ozone and destroy it.
2)
Unregulated
Rocket Launches
Researches say that the unregulated launching of rockets result in much
more depletion of ozone layer than the CFCs do. If not controlled, this might
result in a huge loss of the ozone layer by the year 2050.
3)
Nitrogenous
Compounds
The nitrogenous
compounds such as NO2, NO, N2O are highly responsible for the depletion of the
ozone layer.
4)
Natural
Causes
The ozone layer
has been found to be depleted by certain natural processes such as Sun-spots
and stratospheric winds. But it does not cause more than 1-2% of the ozone
layer depletion.
The volcanic eruptions are also responsible for the depletion
of the ozone layer.
5)
Ozone
Depleting Substances (ODS)
“Ozone depleting substances are the substances such as chlorofluorocarbons,
halons, carbon tetrachloride, hydrofluorocarbons, etc. that are responsible for
the depletion of ozone layer.”
Effects Of Ozone Layer Depletion
The depletion of the ozone layer has harmful effects on the environment.
Let us see the major effects of ozone layer depletion on man and environment.
01 :- Effects
on Human Health
The humans
will be directly exposed to the harmful ultraviolet radiations of the sun due
to the depletion of the ozone layer. This might result in serious health issues
among humans, such as skin diseases, cancer, sunburns, cataract, quick ageing
and an weakend immune system.
02:- Effects on Animals
Direct
exposure to ultraviolet radiations leads to skin and eye cancer in animals.
03:- Effects
on the Environment
Strong
ultraviolet rays may lead to minimal growth, flowering and photosynthesis in
plants. The forests also have to bear the harmful effects of the ultraviolet
rays.
04:- Effects
on Marine Life
Planktons
are greatly affected by the exposure to harmful ultraviolet rays. These are
higher in the aquatic food chain. If the planktons are destroyed, the organisms
present in the lower food chain are also affected.
Solutions OF Ozone Layer Depletion
The depletion of the ozone layer is a
serious issue and various programmes have been launched by the government of
various countries to prevent it. However, steps should be taken at the
individual level as well to prevent the depletion of the ozone layer.
Following
are some points that would help in preventing this problem at a global level:
1) Avoid Using Pesticides
Natural
methods should be implemented to get rid of pests and weeds instead of using
chemicals. One can use eco-friendly chemicals to remove the pests or remove the
weeds manually.
2) Minimize the Use of Vehicles
The vehicles
emit a large amount of greenhouse gases that lead to global warming as well as
ozone depletion. Therefore, the use of vehicles should be minimized as much as
possible.
3) Use Eco-friendly Cleaning Products
Most of the
cleaning products have chlorine and bromine releasing chemicals that find a way
into the atmosphere and affect the ozone layer. These should be substituted
with natural products to protect the environment.
4) Use of Nitrous Oxide should be Prohibited
The
government should take actions and prohibit the use of harmful nitrous oxide
that is adversely affecting the ozone layer. People should be made aware of the
harmful effects of nitrous oxide and the products emitting the gas so that its
use is minimized at the individual level as well.
Ozone depletion over India
With so much worry about the rapid ozone depletion taking
place in various parts of the earth, Indian scientists are closely monitoring
the ozone layer over India for possible depletiontrends. Opinions are many and
varied. According to S K Srivastava, head of the National Ozone Centre in New
Delhi,there is no trend to show total ozone depletion over India.V.Thaphyal and
S M Kulshresta of the Indian Meteorological Department also point out that for
the period 1956 to 1986 "ozone measurements exhibit year to year
variability, but do not show any increasing or decreasing trend over
India." However, former director of the National Ozone Centre, K
Chatterji, now with Development Alternatives, warns that there is no case for
complacency. He asserts that his calculations exhibit an ozone depletion trend
in the upper, layers of the stratosphere over New Delhi and Pune from 1980 to
1983 in the month of October when the Antarctic ozone hole is at its maximum.
Since India already receives high doses of ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation, and is
at the threshold go to speak, effects of ozone layer depletion could he far
more disastrous in India. A P Mitra, former director general of the Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research, clarifies that while there is no trend in the
total ozone value, there is some evidence of ozone depletion at higher
altitudes - at about 30 to 40 km - even over the tropics. He argues, however,
that there is insufficient data and that the depletion may be due to solar
cycles and other natural phenomena.
However, the effects of CFCs and belong
cannot be ruled out.Total column ozone data has been recorded over India for a
long time. A network of stations using Dobson spectrophotometers to mea- sure
total ozone, some six times a day, covers Srinagar, New Delhi, Varanasi,
Ahmedabad, Pone and Kodaikanal. Ozone profiles are also regularly recorded
using balloons. Ozone levels are the lowest during November and December and
the highest in summer. Across the country, variations do exist. In Kodaikanal,
the total ozone is 240 to 280 Dobson units (DU), in New Delhi 270 to 320 DU and
in Srinagar 290 to 360 DU. One Dobson unit is the equivalent of 0.01 mm of
compressed gas at a pressure of 760 rare mercury and 0°C.B N Srivastava of the
National Physical Laboratory, who been working on incident UV- radiation
levels, says that during summer, at noon, the UV-B radiation with a wavelength of 290 nanometer
(nm) is equivalent to levels attained in the Antarctica during the ozone hole
period. He warns that even a slight depletion of the ozone layer over India may
lead to large percentage changes in UV-B radiation over the country. According
to eminent skin specialists in New Delhi, the incidence of skin cancer in India
is low, but they admit that the surveys conducted to identify any trends are
inadequate. Controlled studies to observe the effects of changing UV- B
radiation concentrations on crops are on, they said. However no field surveys
have been done in the country as yet.
REFERRENCES
01) BY USING THE GOOGLE MEDIA
02) HAND BOOK OF ENVIMENTAL STUDIED
03) BOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
04) AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL BOOKS
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